Uttramerur/Uthiramerur-Origin of Democracy

*While performing Bhumi Pujan of the new Parliament building, our PM mentioned about a place known as Uttramerur! Many of my friends phoned me, and asked me what is  so important for the PM to mention this?*

*There's some very good information about the Democratic Processes in ancient Bharateeya cities and villages! A must read!*

*Uthiramerur (TamilNadu) is a model of Democracy!*

*Uthiramerur is situated in Kancheepuram District, about 90 kms from Chennai!*

*It has a 1,250-year old history! There are three important Temples. The three Temples have a large number of inscriptions, notably those from the reigns of Raja Chola (985-1014 A.D.), his son Rajendra Chola, and the Vijayanagar Emperor Krishnadeva Raya!*

*During the period of  Parantaka Chola [907-955 A.D.]  the village administration was honed into a perfect system, through elections by the people!*

*In fact, inscriptions on Temple walls in several parts of Tamil Nadu refer to Village Assemblies!*

*“But it is at Uthiramerur on the walls of the Village Assembly (Mandapa) itself that we have the earliest inscriptions with complete information about how the elected Village Assembly functioned,”  says  R. Sivanandam, epigraphist at the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology!*

*It testifies to the historical fact that nearly 1,100 years ago, a village had an elaborate and highly refined electoral system, and even a well written Constitution, prescribing the mode of Elections! The details of this system of elective Village Democracy are inscribed on the walls of the Village Assembly (Grama Sabha Mandapa), a rectangular structure made of granite slabs!*

*“It is an outstanding document in the history of India! It is a veritable well written Constitution of the Village Assembly that functioned 1,000 years ago,”  says Dr. Nagaswamy, the famous archeologist!*

*The inscription, gives astonishing details about the Constitution of Wards, the qualifications of candidates standing for Elections, the Disqualification norms, the mode of election, the constitution of Committees with elected members, the functions of those Committees, the power to remove the wrongdoer, etc…”*

*The villagers even had the Right to Recall the elected representatives, if they failed in their duties!*

*What were the salient features?*

*The village was divided into 30 Wards, with one representative elected for each! Those who want to contest must be above 35 years of age, and below 70!*

*Only those who owned land that attracted tax could contest elections!* 

*Such owners should possess a house, built on a legally owned site (not on encroached public property)!*

*A person serving in any of the Committees could not contest again for the next three terms, each term lasting a year!*

*Elected members who accepted bribes, misappropriated others' property, committed incest, or acted against the public interest, suffered disqualification!*

*The entire village, including infants, had to be present at the Village Assembly Mandapa when elections were held!*

*Only the sick and those who had gone on a pilgrimage were exempted!*

*I first came to know about these not from our history books, not from my teachers in school and college, but from a book of Paramacharya, that contains his teachings!*

*In fact, T.N Sheshan, the former Election Commissioner was a bit dejected, when he was appointed as Chief Election Commissioner!* 

*He met Paramacharya, who was 97,when a visibly disappointed Seshan came to meet him! He immediately sensed the cause of his disappointment, and counseled him to treat the transfer as an opportunity granted by God to serve the Indian public!*

*He suggested that Seshan visit the Uthiramerur Temple and read through the details of Electoral Regulations prevalent in India about 1,000 years ago, including the qualifications of candidates who can contest elections!*

*In the words of Shree Seshan, ‘The credit for Electoral reforms must go to Kanchi Mahaswami, but for whom this would not have been possible. At 97, He had such clarity of thought, that he could describe minute details of the electoral rules embossed on the northern walls of the Uthiramerur Temple!*

*He mentioned to me that even implementing a tenth of these reforms, would be a great service to India!" The rest is history!*

*In the words of columnist TJS George, “Seshan showed what one man could do to ensure that democracy did not become a hydra-headed monster. In time, Seshan retired. And the monster was set free!"*

*I doubt how many of the politicians in Tamil Nadu know this? It was wonderful that our PM had shared this on the national stage so that everyone across the country know the richness of our tradition and culture!*

*The Vishnu Temple in Uthiramerur is quite unique, since it was built by Vishwa Karma, and it is the first Ashtanga Vimana to be constructed!*

*The Vimana in Ashtalakshmi Temple in Besant Nagar, Chennai was designed and built, copying this very Vimana!*

*Certainly a place to visit, to know and to understand our richness!*